Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibers that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The fiber is almost pure cellulose.
Cotton was independently
domesticated in the old and new words. The plant is a shrub native to tropical
and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt
and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico
followed by Australia and Africa.
In the Indus River
Valley in Pakistan, cotton was being grown, spun and woven into cloth 3,000
years BC. Arab merchants brought cotton cloth to Europe about 800 A.D. when
Columbus discovered America in 1492, he found cotton growing in the Bahama
Islands. By 1500, cotton was knows generally throughout the world.
The word “cotton” has
Arabic origins derived from the Arabic word qutn or qutun (قطن )
. The was the usual
word for cotton in medieval Arabic. In Mid-12 Century, The word entered the
Romance languages and English a century later.
Cotton typically used in T-shirt, Underwear, Sock, Denim,
Towel, Bathrobe, Tent, Fishing Net, Book Binding, Coffee Filter, Cotton Paper
etc.
Types of cotton fabric given blow :-
1. Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species. In the United States, the world’s largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production.
2. Gossypium barbadense
Sea island cotton or gossypium barbadense is frost- sensitive, tropical, perennial plant with growing as a small and bushy tree of up to 3m in height. It has yellow flowers and black seeds and it produces cotton with long and silk fibers.
3. Gossypium arboretum
Gossypium arboretum commonly called tree cotton, is a species of cotton native to India, Pakistan and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old world. There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley for the production of cotton textiles.
4. Gossypium herbaceum
Gossypium herbaceum, commonly known as Levant cotton, is a species of cotton native to the semi-arid regions of sub-saharan Africa and Arabia, where it still grows in the wild as a perennial shrub.





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